I went through this, painfully. The OEM one under the fuel rail failed open, pulling the flaps closed all the time. I replaced it with a cheapie from Amazon which worked until the first time the engine reached operating temperature, then died. So I had to pull the manifold again. The OEM unit is made by Pierburg. If you go buy a Pierburg one online it's about $50 instead of $150 for exactly the same part from the dealer.
You can test these, kinda. For the first type of failure I had, the solenoid should be NC - normally closed (If I rememeber correctly). There are two modes of failure, both if which I've had - mechanically and electrically. The first one failed mechanically - meaning, if I triggered the solenoid, I could hear the coil clicking, indicating it was working. But there was no change in the "state" of the unit - you could still blow/suck from one port through the other. Or you couldn't suck at all, meaning it failed closed. They can fail either way. You have to trigger the solenoid with a 12v source and blow or suck through one port. You should:
1. when 12v is applied, you should hear a click. This means the coil is working.
2. There should be a change of state in the solenoid - in other words, you should be able to suck or blow through the solenoid with NO RESISTANCE (I'll get to that in a minute) and then either apply / remove 12v and the sucking or blowing will stop. Or the other way around, depending on what's easier for you. If you get that change of state, it's mechanically OK.
On the no resistance thing - one of the ports bleeds off pressure to atmosphere when the solenoid is closed. This allows the flaps to bleed off vacuum and return to normal position. Otherwise it would always just hold vacuum and they'd never move. That's OK, though, because if you are sucking / blowing on this port, you'll feel resistance as the bleed port is very small and has a filter over it. If the solenoid is open between the ports there will be virtually no resistance.
If you have a Vag-Com, you can individually test each solenoid without having to take anything apart. This doesn't do anything for you if they failed mechanically, but most of the failures are of the coil (electrical) and it's a quick check that takes no time at all. Basically tab through the individual component test sequence (it tests a bunch of stuff in the engine for one minute at a time) and when it gets to that solenoid, you'll hear it clicking away from under the manifold. Or maybe you won't. Again, it might click, but still be bad as my first one was. But if it's running that test and you DON'T hear clicking then you immediately know where the problem is. I don't recall offhand how to navigate to that test sequence in VCDS but it's under "Engine". I'm not near my car or cable right now that I can get it to communicate and open that up but I think there's a box under "Engine" that's something like "Individual Tests" or something.
I had to replace the wiring connector on both of my solenoids too, they're available on eBay with a pigtail for something like $8. You could also use one to make a test rig if you're not comfortable with holding jumper wires down in there and sucking / blowing at the same time.
For my money replacing those solenoids with the Pierburg ones for $50 each should be done at every carbon clean, just like the oil filter housing o-rings. It's not worth new injectors at $1200 every time, but to me it's worth $100 to not have to pull the manifold again a week after you did a carbon clean (like I did).
One other thing I did was bought a super-cheap ass $35 smoke generator on Amazon and actually found a leak in one of those vacuum lines. It wasn't causing any issues other than I noticed while driving around, my flaps never got beyond 83-86%. Once I repaired the leak they got to full travel.
So you can basically rebuild your entire flap control system for the cost of one $150 OEM solenoid ($35 smoke generator + $50 Pierburg solenoid x2).
Good luck. This got way longer than I planned but I lived through this nightmare, of having to replace one injector and carbon clean, then having that solenoid fail 2 weeks later, then having the cheap-ass replacement solenoid fail basically as soon as I got the engine back together, so that was 3 manifold removals / front-end-in-service-positions within one month, so hopefully I can help someone else avoid having their car out of commission all summer the way mine was.
Oh yeah! My car spend so much time up on jackstands because of this, with the suspension at full droop, all the bushings in my control arms failed and I had to move up that project about a year before I'd planned, too. So there's that.
Good luck, I'm here if you have questions.
Darel
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