Off at what speed? Mine gets slightly further off the faster I go... At 40mph on the speedo its only off maybe 1mph, if that. At 80mph on the speedo I'm about 77-78 on the gps.
Tire size and wear can also contribute. Example because math:
Standard tire is 235/40-R18. Say new tread depth is 10/32", and your tires are worn with 4/32" left.
new tires diameter = 25.4"
worn tires diameter = 25.025"
difference: (10/32 - 4/32)*2 = 12/32 = 3/8"
circumference new = 79.8"
circumference old = 78.6"
difference: 1.2"; so for each rotation your worn tire actually travels 1.2" less distance. Meaning it needs to spin faster to go the same speed as the new tire.
At 70mph, new tires rotate 927 times per minute. The worn tires would need to rotate 940 times. Since the speed sensor just counts rotations, the car thinks you are going faster with worn tires than you really are.
New tires at 940 RPM would be 71mph, so in this example your speedo would read 71mph when you are actually traveling 70mph.
...aaand that's not as large a difference as I was hoping lol. Oh well, I always wanted to figure that out.
If you had the wrong size tires (smaller diameter than OEM) you can really be off. I had a friend with a truck a long time ago that threw on some small wheels for some reason once and it was hilarious, speedo was reading like 95mph going the highway and we were really only going maybe 70-75.
Also, I've heard before manufacturers calibrate it to be off 1 or 2mph anyway to cover any measurement error/legal reasons, so they should never read slower than actual speed. But I don't know if this is true or not.
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