As has been mentioned and touched on........the difference between 5-40 and 10-40 at operating temp is....nothing.
Here's something else to think about, the lower rating is based on how the oil flows at freezing.........so a 5-40 only flows at 5 when it's freezing, it is thicker when warmer (it's the magic of synthetics and additives, don't question it LOL).
This means that when ambient temp is say 80+ a 5-40 is not flowing at 5 when you start it up, it's more like a 10 anyway. But some places even in summer it can drop to lower temps overnight, you lose nothing by going with the 0 or 5 rating but gain that extra protection when truly cold out.
Take away, there's no real "summer" and "winter" difference with modern synthetics, and there's no real point to change to a 10-40 in the summer "because I don't need the cold protection". Now if the engine is worn out and you need thicker oil to control compression and blowby I could see using thicker stuff.....but that's an engine issue, not a season issue and you're pretty much stuck running that year round anyway.
Ultimately, it's the manufacturers specification first, and the viscosity at operating temp rating second that are most important, especially if you are smart and letting the engine idle for a couple minutes after startup just to give the oil time to circulate to every nook and cranny. The cold rated viscosity is only really vital if you live in frigid cold locations and then it's still about going lower to get that zero and below protection ability.
So running 5-x or 0-x in a hot climate instead of 10-x is not a real concern, but running 10-x in a brutal cold climate IS the thing to avoid.
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