Be sure to call VAST for comparison shopping before you buy anything. Their chips do all the program switching that APR or other tuners do, and they have the capability to let you reflash your ECU at home, thus saving you a trip to a tuner.
I personally have a bit of a vendetta against APR, but I won't go back into that again.
Read this thread if you want the long and short of it.
As for what a "program" or "map" is, it is a set of limits that are defined as to how hard the ECU can run the motor. Limits on boost, timing, fuel/air ratio are the big ones.
For example, a 91 octane program will have a certain maximum allowed boost level, while a 100 octane program will have a higher boost limit, because there is less risk of detonation.
Sure, all modern motors have "detonation sensors" bolted to the block to detect detonation and retard timing if it occurs. But this is very hard on the motor and turbos, and will destroy it quickly if you are constantly relying on the detonation sensors to "back off" on your boost, etc. The purpose of the programmed limits is to get as close to the detonation threshold as is possible with the fuel quality available, without having ANY detonation, thus preventing the need for the ECU to put you in "limp mode" to prevent the motor from destroying itself.
There are other various improvements that the tuners do...increased data sampling rates, for example, provide faster ECU response time to changing engine inputs (throttle position, etc). But the boost, timing, and AF ratio limits are the big ones.
Also, consider a methanol/water injection kit. Methanol is a "combustion rate decreaser" which effectively acts as an octane booster, allowing the ECU to advance the timing without detonation. However, if you skip the methanol and simply inject distilled water into the intake, this buffers the compression and combustion process by adding water vapor to the intake gas stream, which has a high specific heat coefficient.
Translating to English: if you squirt water in your intake, it will cool down the intake air and be easier on your turbos and motor. The trick is making sure you inject exactly the RIGHT amount of water.
Here's a Wikipedia article that explains in detail.
Essentially, water injection is turbo insurance.
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